2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案解析

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It  1   in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then  2   starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3   aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the  4   of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the  5   that lifestyle factors might help prevent or  6   this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that  7   measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and  8   that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people  9   higher measures of abdominal fat  10   worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years  11  .

For women, the association may be  12   to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be  13  . It is hoped that future studies could  14   these differences and perhaps lead to different  15   for men and women.

16  , there are steps you can  17   to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental  18  . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your  19   of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style  20   that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

1. [A] pauses                   [B] returns                      [C] peaks                       [D] fades

2. [A] alternatively           [B]formally                      [C]accidentally               [D] generally

3. [A] while                      [B] since                         [C] once                         [D] until

4. [A] detection               [B] accumulation             [C] consumption            [D] separation

5. [A] possibility              [B] decision                     [C] goal                         [D] requirement

6. [A] delay                     [B] ensure                       [C] seek                        [D] utilize

7. [A] modified                [B] supported                  [C] included                  [D] predicted

8. [A] devoted                 [B] compared                  [C] converted                [D] applied

9. [A] with                       [B] above                         [C] by                            [D] against

10. [A] lived                    [B] managed                    [C] scored                     [D] played

11. [A] ran out                [B] set off                          [C] drew in                    [D] went by

12. [A] superior              [B] attributable                  [C] parallel                   [D] resistant

13. [A] restored              [B] isolated                       [C] involved                  [D] controlled

14. [A] alter                    [B] spread                         [C] remove                   [D] explain

15. [A] compensations   [B] symptoms                   [C] demands                 [D] treatments

16. [A] Likewise             [B] Meanwhile                   [C] Therefore                [D] Instead

17. [A] change               [B] watch                           [C] count                       [D] take

18. [A] well-being          [B] process                        [C] formation                 [D] coordination

19. [A] level                   [B] love                              [C] knowledge               [D] space

20. [A] design                [B] routine                         [C] diet                           [D] prescription

1. 【答案】C（peaks）

【解析】逻辑关系题。and then提示顺承，借助slowly decline（慢慢下降）可知，C项peaks（达到最高点）符合原文逻辑关系，即流动智力在成年早期达到峰值，之后很长一段时间趋于稳定，之后随着年龄增长，慢慢下降。本题答案为C项。

干扰选项：A项pauses（暂停），B项returns（返回）和D项fades（逐渐消失），均不符合原文逻辑关系。

2. 【答案】D（generally）

【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义，A项

alternatively（二者择一地），B项formally（形式上地），C项accidentally（偶然地）和D项generally（通常），其中，D项generally（通常）最符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。

3. 【答案】A（while）

【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句内逻辑关系，比较aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that … may not be可知，inevitable和may not be提示语义相反，即“衰老不可避免”，与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免”二者语义相反。A项while（尽管）提示让步，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A项。

干扰选项：B项since（由于）提示因果关系，C项once（一旦）提示条件关系，D项until（到……为止）提示顺承关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。